Stress is a natural response to feeling under pressure, challenged, or threatened. When we're stressed, our bodies release adrenaline, the 'fight or flight' hormone, which helps us react quickly.

Experiencing stress is a normal part of life, and it's not always a bad thing. A certain amount of pressure can help us stay focused and get things done. However, too much stress, especially over a prolonged period, can negatively affect our mental and physical wellbeing and may eventually lead to burnout.

What causes stress?

Everyone experiences stress differently, and what may be stressful for one person might not be for another. Our ability to cope can also change depending on our circumstances. Some of the things that can cause us to feel stressed include:

• Life Changes - Events like moving house, having a baby, or getting married may be exciting but also bring added pressure.
• Relationship issues - Breakups, divorces or family problems can significantly affect our emotional health.
• Health Issues - Illness, whether personal or affecting someone close to you, can be a major stressor.
• Bereavement - The loss of a loved one can deeply impact how you feel
• Work Pressure - Demands at work can contribute to increased stress levels.
• Past Experiences - Trauma or difficult life events can make us more vulnerable to stress.
• Isolation - A lack of positive relationships can make us feel lonely, isolated and more prone to feeling the negative impact of stress

Recognising signs of stress

Stress can present in many ways. It doesn't just affect how you feel, it can impact your physical health and behaviour as well.

Physical Signs

• headaches or dizziness
• muscle tension or pain
• stomach problems
• chest pain or a faster heartbeat
• sexual issues

Emotional Signs

• difficulty concentrating
• struggling to make decisions
• feeling overwhelmed
• constantly worrying
• being forgetful

Behavioural Signs

• being irritable and snappy
• sleeping too much or too little
• eating too much or too little
• avoiding certain places or people
• drinking or smoking more

Coping with stress

If you’re feeling stressed, the first step is to try to identify what’s causing it. Once you understand the source, you can begin to take steps to manage or reduce it. Recognising your personal stress triggers is a valuable part of this process.

Developing your personal resilience is also key to managing stress effectively. It’s something to work on continuously, as building resilience equips you with the tools and coping strategies you need when challenges arise.

Try to avoid unhealthy coping mechanisms like excessive drinking or smoking, as they can worsen the effects of stress in the long run.

For practical advice and effective techniques, the NHS provides a range of helpful 'stress busters' to support your wellbeing.